在 macOS 上设置网络代理

在 macOS 上设置网络代理时，可以打开 Wi-Fi 设置，进入详情页面修改代理。但这毕竟需要点击多次，才能修改。其实也使用命令行工具，在终端完成同样的操作。这样就可以与代理工具配合，搭建更为流畅的工作流。macOS 上的网络配置工具是 networksetup。

networksetup 的常见用法 🔗

查看网络接口 🔗

使用 -listallnetworkservices 选项列出所有的网络接口：

$ networksetup -listallnetworkservices
networksetup -listallnetworkservices
An asterisk (*) denotes that a network service is disabled.
Thunderbolt Bridge
Wi-Fi

可见此设备有两个网络接口：Thunderbolt Bridge 和 Wi-Fi。当在其他需要指定网络接口的命令中，就可以使用这两个名字之一。

查看和设置网络接口的代理配置 🔗

如果打开网络详情里的代理项，就会看到可以设置多种代理。比如 Web Proxy(HTTP)、Secure web proxy(HTTPS)、SOCKS proxy等。这也对应了多组命令。

HTTP 代理：

networksetup -getwebproxy <networkservice>
networksetup -setwebproxy <networkservice> <domain> <port number> <authenticated> <username> <password>
networksetup -setwebproxystate <networkservice> <on off>

HTTPS 代理：

networksetup -getsecurewebproxy <networkservice>
networksetup -setsecurewebproxy <networkservice> <domain> <port number> <authenticated> <username> <password>
networksetup -setsecurewebproxystate <networkservice> <on off>

SOCKS 代理：

networksetup -getsocksfirewallproxy <networkservice>
networksetup -setsocksfirewallproxy <networkservice> <domain> <port number> <authenticated> <username> <password>
networksetup -setsocksfirewallproxystate <networkservice> <on off>

比如，在我的设备上，设置了 SOCKS 代理：

$ networksetup -getsocksfirewallproxy Wi-Fi
Enabled: Yes
Server: localhost
Port: 10808
Authenticated Proxy Enabled: 0

如果想修改它，那么使用 -setsocksfirewallproxy 选项进行设置。比如修改 Wi-Fi 网络接口的 SOCKS 代理为 localhost:10907：

$ networksetup -setsocksfirewallproxy Wi-Fi localhost 10807

当期望启用代理时，使用 -setsocksfirewallproxystate 选项：

$ networksetup -setsocksfirewallproxystate Wi-Fi on

在不需要代理时：

$ networksetup -setsocksfirewallproxystate Wi-Fi off

networksetup 的使用说明 🔗

使用 -help 选项可以查看 networksetup 的使用说明：

$ networksetup -help

networksetup Help Information
-------------------------------
Usage: networksetup -listnetworkserviceorder
	Display services with corresponding port and device in order they are tried for connecting
	to a network. An asterisk (*) denotes that a service is disabled.

Usage: networksetup -listallnetworkservices
	Display list of services. An asterisk (*) denotes that a network service is disabled.

Usage: networksetup -listallhardwareports
	Display list of hardware ports with corresponding device name and ethernet address.

Usage: networksetup -detectnewhardware
	Detect new network hardware and create a default network service on the hardware.

Usage: networksetup -getmacaddress <hardwareport or device name>
	Display ethernet (or Wi-Fi) address for hardwareport or device specified.

Usage: networksetup -getcomputername
	Display the computer name.

Usage: networksetup -setcomputername <name>
	Set the computer's name (if valid) to <name>.

Usage: networksetup -getinfo <networkservice>
	Display IPv4 address, IPv6 address, subnet mask,
	router address, ethernet address for <networkservice>.

Usage: networksetup -setmanual <networkservice> <ip> <subnet> <router>
	Set the <networkservice> TCP/IP configuration to manual with IP address set to ip,
	Subnet Mask set to subnet, and Router address set to router.

Usage: networksetup -setdhcp <networkservice> [clientid]
	Set the <networkservice> TCP/IP configuration to DHCP. You can set the
 	DHCP client id to the optional [clientid]. Specify "Empty" for [clientid]
	to clear the DHCP client id.

Usage: networksetup -setbootp <networkservice>
	Set the <networkservice> TCP/IP configuration to BOOTP.

Usage: networksetup -setmanualwithdhcprouter <networkservice> <ip>
	Set the <networkservice> TCP/IP configuration to manual with DHCP router with IP address set
	to ip.

Usage: networksetup -getadditionalroutes <networkservice>
	Get additional IPv4 routes associated with <networkservice>
Usage: networksetup -setadditionalroutes <networkservice> [ <dest> <mask> <gateway> ]*
	Set additional IPv4 routes associated with <networkservice>
	by specifying one or more [ <dest> <mask> <gateway> ] tuples.
	Remove additional routes by specifying no arguments.
	If <gateway> is "", the route is direct to the interface
Usage: networksetup -setv4off <networkservice>
	Turn IPv4 off on <networkservice>.

Usage: networksetup -setv6off <networkservice>
	Turn IPv6 off on <networkservice>.

Usage: networksetup -setv6automatic <networkservice>
	Set the service to get its IPv6 info automatically.

Usage: networksetup -setv6LinkLocal <networkservice>
	Set the service to use its IPv6 only for link local.

Usage: networksetup -setv6manual <networkservice> <address> <prefixlength> <router>
	Set the service to get its IPv6 info manually.
	Specify <address> <prefixLength> and <router>.

Usage: networksetup -getv6additionalroutes <networkservice>
	Get additional IPv6 routes associated with <networkservice>
Usage: networksetup -setv6additionalroutes <networkservice> [ <dest> <prefixlength> <gateway> ]*
	Set additional IPv6 routes associated with <networkservice>
	by specifying one or more [ <dest> <prefixlength> <gateway> ] tuples.
	Remove additional routes by specifying no arguments.
	If <gateway> is "", the route is direct to the interface
Usage: networksetup -getdnsservers <networkservice>
	Display DNS info for <networkservice>.

Usage: networksetup -setdnsservers <networkservice> <dns1> [dns2] [...]
	Set the <networkservice> DNS servers to <dns1> [dns2] [...]. Any number of dns servers can be
	specified. Specify "Empty" for <dns1> to clear all DNS entries.

Usage: networksetup -getsearchdomains <networkservice>
	Display Domain Name info for <networkservice>.

Usage: networksetup -setsearchdomains <networkservice> <domain1> [domain2] [...]
	Set the <networkservice> Domain Name servers to <domain1> [domain2] [...]. Any number of Domain Name
 	servers can be specified. Specify "Empty" for <domain1> to clear all Domain Name entries.

Usage: networksetup -create6to4service <newnetworkservicename>
	Create a 6 to 4 service with name <newnetworkservicename>.

Usage: networksetup -set6to4automatic <networkservice>
	Set the service to get its 6 to 4 info automatically.

Usage: networksetup -set6to4manual <networkservice> <relayaddress>
	Set the service to get its 6 to 4 info manually.
	Specify <relayaddress> for the relay address.

Usage: networksetup -getwebproxy <networkservice>
	Display Web proxy (server, port, enabled value) info for <networkservice>.

Usage: networksetup -setwebproxy <networkservice> <domain> <port number> <authenticated> <username> <password>
	Set Web proxy for <networkservice> with <domain> and <port number>. Turns proxy on. Optionally, specify <on> or <off> for <authenticated> to enable and disable authenticated proxy support. Specify <username> and <password> if you turn authenticated proxy support on.

Usage: networksetup -setwebproxystate <networkservice> <on off>
	Set Web proxy to  either <on> or <off>.

Usage: networksetup -getsecurewebproxy <networkservice>
	Display Secure Web proxy (server, port, enabled value) info for <networkservice>.

Usage: networksetup -setsecurewebproxy <networkservice> <domain> <port number> <authenticated> <username> <password>
	Set Secure Web proxy for <networkservice> with <domain> and <port number>. Turns proxy on. Optionally, specify <on> or <off> for <authenticated> to enable and disable authenticated proxy support. Specify <username> and <password> if you turn authenticated proxy support on.

Usage: networksetup -setsecurewebproxystate <networkservice> <on off>
	Set SecureWeb proxy to  either <on> or <off>.

Usage: networksetup -getsocksfirewallproxy <networkservice>
	Display SOCKS Firewall proxy (server, port, enabled value) info for <networkservice>.

Usage: networksetup -setsocksfirewallproxy <networkservice> <domain> <port number> <authenticated> <username> <password>
	Set SOCKS Firewall proxy for <networkservice> with <domain> and <port number>. Turns proxy on. Optionally, specify <on> or <off> for <authenticated> to enable and disable authenticated proxy support. Specify <username> and <password> if you turn authenticated proxy support on.

Usage: networksetup -setsocksfirewallproxystate <networkservice> <on off>
	Set SOCKS Firewall proxy to  either <on> or <off>.

Usage: networksetup -getproxybypassdomains <networkservice>
	Display Bypass Domain Names for <networkservice>.

Usage: networksetup -setproxybypassdomains <networkservice> <domain1> [domain2] [...]
	Set the Bypass Domain Name Servers for <networkservice> to <domain1> [domain2] [...]. Any number of
	Domain Name servers can be specified. Specify "Empty" for <domain1> to clear all
	Domain Name entries.

Usage: networksetup -getproxyautodiscovery <networkservice>
	Display whether Proxy Auto Discover is on or off for <network service>.

Usage: networksetup -setproxyautodiscovery <networkservice> <on off>
	Set Proxy Auto Discovery to either <on> or <off>.

Usage: networksetup -setautoproxyurl <networkservice> <url>
	Set proxy auto-config to url for <networkservice> and enable it.

Usage: networksetup -getautoproxyurl <networkservice>
	Display proxy auto-config (url, enabled) info for <networkservice>.

Usage: networksetup -setautoproxystate <networkservice> <on off>
	Set proxy auto-config to either <on> or <off>.

Usage: networksetup -getairportnetwork <device name>
	Display current Wi-Fi Network for <device name>.

Usage: networksetup -setairportnetwork <device name> <network> [password]
	Set Wi-Fi Network to <network> for <device name>.
	If a password is included, it gets stored in the keychain.

Usage: networksetup -getairportpower <device name>
	Display whether Wi-Fi power is on or off for <device name>.

Usage: networksetup -setairportpower <device name> <on off>
	Set Wi-Fi power for <device name> to either <on> or <off>.

Usage: networksetup -listpreferredwirelessnetworks <device name>
	List the preferred wireless networks for <device name>.

Usage: networksetup -addpreferredwirelessnetworkatindex <device name> <network> <index> <security type> [password]
	Add wireless network named <network> to preferred list for <device name> at <index>.
	For security type, use OPEN for none, WPA for WPA Personal, WPAE for WPA Enterprise,
	WPA2 for WPA2 Personal, WPA2E for WPA2 Enterprise, WEP for plain WEP, and 8021XWEP for 802.1X WEP.
	If a password is included, it gets stored in the keychain.

Usage: networksetup -removepreferredwirelessnetwork <device name> <network>
	Remove <network> from the preferred wireless network list for <device name>.

Usage: networksetup -removeallpreferredwirelessnetworks <device name>
	Remove all networks from the preferred wireless network list for <device name>.

Usage: networksetup -getnetworkserviceenabled <networkservice>
	Display whether a service is on or off (enabled or disabled).

Usage: networksetup -setnetworkserviceenabled <networkservice> <on off>
	Set <networkservice> to either <on> or <off> (enabled or disabled).

Usage: networksetup -createnetworkservice <newnetworkservicename> <hardwareport>
	Create a service named <networkservice> on port <hardwareport>. The new service will be enabled by default.

Usage: networksetup -renamenetworkservice <networkservice> <newnetworkservicename>
	Rename <networkservice> to <newnetworkservicename>.

Usage: networksetup -duplicatenetworkservice <networkservice> <newnetworkservicename>
	Duplicate <networkservice> and name it with <newnetworkservicename>.

Usage: networksetup -removenetworkservice <networkservice>
	Remove the service named <networkservice>. Will fail if this is the only service on the hardware port that <networkservice> is on.

Usage: networksetup -ordernetworkservices <service1> <service2> <service3> <...>
	Order the services in order specified. Use "-listnetworkserviceorder" to view service order.
	Note: use quotes around service names which contain spaces (ie. "Built-in Ethernet").

Usage: networksetup -setMTUAndMediaAutomatically <hardwareport or device name>
	Set hardwareport or device specified back to automatically setting the MTU and Media.

Usage: networksetup -getMTU <hardwareport or device name>
	Get the MTU value for hardwareport or device specified.

Usage: networksetup -setMTU <hardwareport or device name> <value>
	Set MTU for hardwareport or device specified.

Usage: networksetup -listvalidMTUrange <hardwareport or device name>
	List the valid MTU range for hardwareport or device specified.

Usage: networksetup -getmedia <hardwareport or device name>
	Show both the current setting for media and the active media on hardwareport or device specified.

Usage: networksetup -setmedia <hardwareport or device name> <subtype> [option1] [option2] [...]
	Set media for hardwareport or device specified to subtype. Specify optional [option1] and additional options depending on subtype. Any number of valid options can be specified.

Usage: networksetup -listvalidmedia <hardwareport or device name>
 	List valid media options for hardwareport or device name. Enumerates available subtypes and options per subtype.

Usage: networksetup -createVLAN <VLAN name> <device name> <tag>
	Create a VLAN with name <VLAN name> over device <device name> with unique tag <tag>. A default network service will be created over the VLAN.

Usage: networksetup -deleteVLAN <VLAN name> <device name> <tag>
	Delete the VLAN with name <VLAN name> over the parent device <device name> with unique tag <tag>. If there are network services running over the VLAN they will be deleted.

Usage: networksetup -listVLANs
	List the VLANs that have been created.

Usage: networksetup -listdevicesthatsupportVLAN
	List the devices that support VLANs.

Usage: networksetup -isBondSupported <device name ie., en0>
	Return YES if the specified device can be added to a bond. NO if it cannot.

Usage: networksetup -createBond <user defined name> <device name 1> <device name 2> <...>
	Create a new bond and give it the user defined name. Add the specified devices, if any, to the bond.

Usage: networksetup -deleteBond <bond name ie., bond0>
	Delete the bond with the specified device-name.

Usage: networksetup -addDeviceToBond <device name> <bond name>
	Add the specified device to the specified bond.

Usage: networksetup -removeDeviceFromBond <device name> <bond name>
	Remove the specified device from the specified bond

Usage: networksetup -listBonds
	List all of the bonds.

Usage: networksetup -showBondStatus <bond name ie., bond0>
	Display the status of the specified bond.

Usage: networksetup -listpppoeservices
	List all of the PPPoE services in the current set.

Usage: networksetup -showpppoestatus <service name ie., MyPPPoEService>
	Display the status of the specified PPPoE service.

Usage: networksetup -createpppoeservice <device name ie., en0> <service name> <account name> <password> [pppoe service name]
	Create a PPPoE service on the specified device with the service name specified.
	The "pppoe service name" is optional and may not be supported by the service provider.

Usage: networksetup -deletepppoeservice <service name>
	Delete the PPPoE service.

Usage: networksetup -setpppoeaccountname <service name> <account name>
	Sets the account name for the specified service.

Usage: networksetup -setpppoepassword <service name> <password>
	Sets the password stored in the keychain for the specified service.

Usage: networksetup -connectpppoeservice <service name>
	Connect the PPPoE service.

Usage: networksetup -disconnectpppoeservice <service name>
	Disconnect the PPPoE service.

Usage: networksetup -getcurrentlocation
	Display the name of the current location.

Usage: networksetup -listlocations
	List all of the locations.

Usage: networksetup -createlocation <location name> [populate]
	Create a new network location with the spcified name.
	If the optional term "populate" is included, the location will be populated with the default services.

Usage: networksetup -deletelocation <location name>
	Delete the location.

Usage: networksetup -switchtolocation <location name>
	Make the specified location the current location.

Usage: networksetup -version
	Display version of networksetup tool.

Usage: networksetup -help
	Display these help listings.

Usage: networksetup -printcommands
	Displays a quick listing of commands (without explanations).

Any command that takes a password, will accept - to indicate the password should be read from stdin.

The networksetup tool requires at least admin privileges to change network settings. If the "Require an administrator password to access system-wide preferences" option is selected in System Preferences > Security & Privacy, then root privileges are required to change network settings.